Why Strategic Communication Matters: The Case of Palworld

Excuse me for, first, assuming unfairly that public relations is a sketchy field; second, for seeing its practitioners as snake oil salespeople; third, for naively thinking my connection to others needs no science—but who has not? Throughout its history, public relations has had its storied ups and downs. President Nixon's terrible Watergate scandal, after all, fielded an army of propagandists up in arms to defend him. Yet, it was Ivy Lee's successful counsel to the wealthy Rockefeller that changed my perspective. Through his guidance, the business baron became sincerely agreeable to his workers and, eventually, to the public's eyes. What differentiates the two outcomes, it turns out, revolves around honesty and candor, not publicity stunts, press agentry, or extensive advertising. I now fully realize that in a world where human interaction has become freer (read: intricate), the study of public relations cannot be an afterthought.

For example, have you ever heard of Palworld? Well, hardly anyone does until it charts itself as the No. 1 game on Stream, transitioning itself from obscurity. Its astronomical rise demonstrates that mass behavior can be engineered.

Palworld's success must be shrewdly calculated. The same thing happened a long time ago when Edward Bernays ingeniously planted the "torches of freedom" image in cigarettes, igniting women to defy social norms just so they could smoke publicly. Bernays, drawing insights from his uncle Sigmund Freud, introduced consent engineering as a means to guide and control the masses through comprehension of their patterns. Indeed, gamers do exhibit some patterns, too. Nintendo gamers appreciate fun gameplay, whereas PlayStation gamers favor narrative-driven games. So, what do Steam gamers like? One may think "everything," but that's not true. Statistics reveal Steam players gravitate toward combat, survival, or craft-building games.

That's just the beginning. Think about how we've lived in a world characterized by wars, layoffs, and lockdowns. For that, players can take refuge in Palworld, which offers a vibrant world of whimsical creatures. Here, they can engage monsters, nurture lives, and build civilizations, essentially combining Steam's top-ranking gameplays into one. Learning that 96% of millennials recognize Pikachu more than President Biden and that The Pokémon Company has been slow to innovate, Palworld features Pokémon-esque aesthetics that further kindle one's subconscious desire to play it. Indeed, upon playing the game, gamers have voiced their longing to play Pokémon à la Palworld.

Figure 1. Palworld's ads resonate with gamers' subconscious longings.

Palworld gamers may believe it's their free will that leads them to play it, while not knowing that the engineering of such consent is a studied field. Palworld's ascent is another example highlighting the importance of mastering strategic communication.

Kunci sukses: belajar, belajar, belajar. Kerja keras!

Kunci sukses jare Jamie Dimon iku kudu kerja keras, dan belajar, belajar, belajar. De e nyebut belajar e peng telu lho. Jamie Dimon dewe iku eksekutif e bank JPMorgan Chase, salah satu bank terkenal dan tentunya terbesar di dunia, de e lulusan MBA Harvard. Seng jelas, kayak e iso disimpulno nek kerja keras tok iki ga cukup, kene yo kudu belajar seng suuuwwwwregep.

Opo ae seh seng sakjane kudu dipelajari ben sukses dan sogeh? Nek jarene Bill Gates, pendiri e Microsoft, dropoutan Harvard, kene iku kudu melajari sains, engineering, dan ekonomi. Jarene, iku iku agen perubahan. Makane aku semester depan iki pengen ngambil ekonometrika. Sebenere aku gak tertarik ekonomi seh, tapi iku salah satu tawaran pelajaran ndek Harvard gae semester ngarep, dadi yo, jopok ae lah. Melajari ilmu baru! Seru! Cukup senada, Mary Barra, CEO dan board e General Motors, yo ngomong nek kene kudu ngejar matematika dan sains, lalu kerja keras. Nek jarene Jack Welch, lulusan UIUC, kampus e mentri keuangan terkeren Indonesia, Sri Mulyani: belajar, belajar, belajar terus lakukan luebih timbang deng dilakukan wong lio. Tentu maksud e lue apik. Mosok lue elek. "Lakukan apa yang kamu bisa sebaik-baiknya, apapun itu" nek jarene ibu Corcoran, pengusaha real estate lulusan S1 pendidikan e Thomas Aquinas College.

Tapi belajar nandi yo? Seng pernah njabat sebagai CEO e eBay dan sebagai eksekutif banyak perusahaan ternama koyok Walt Disney, Meg Whitman, ngroso sinau ndek tempat seng apik iku puwenting. De e malah nyaranno kene melbu ke sekolah-sekolah terbaik seng iso dileboni. Masalah mbayar e yo opo, iku iso dipikiri ngkok. Jarene. Saking nganggep penting e ilmu dan belajar. Tentu, kene mek iso melbu nak sekolah paling apik nek wes, iku mau, belajar, belajar, belajar. Dan iya, emang nyata e kemungkinan besar kene sukses itu ya salah satu ne nek iso melbu sekolah apik dan ternama. Dadi jelas: belajar seng sregep nak sekolahan seng apik iku salah satu kunci penting sukses! Cita-cita yang tinggi dan ga gampang. Tapi yo ancen cita-cita iku kudu tinggi. Ojok setengah-setengah. Jare Jennifer Hyman, CEO e Rent the Runway: agresif lah dengan mimpimu. 

Kunci sukses penting lainnya, dan wes terlalu sering didengung-dengungkan: "jangan takut gagal," begitu kata miliarder Ray Dalio, CIO perusahaan hedge fund terbesar dunia, lulusan MBA Harvard. De e yo mastikno nek kene gak perlu ndengerin jarene wong mek ben kene "disetujui." Emang seh, orang sukses iku yo atine kudu wes mantep, ga gampang diubah-ubah wong. Gak perlu ngerungokno cemoohan "kon lho pasti ga iso" dan sejenisnya. Gak perlu nerimo poksoane wong-wong. Percoyo karo awak dewe, ngunu lah istilahe. Kecuali jelas-jelas onok ruang seng perlu dipelajari. Soale ga kabeh wong iso mahami pikiran dan arah e kene dewe. Akhire, kene seng diarah-arahno.

Rasane seng pasti, wong sukses yo kudu ndue perspektif seng luas, seng jembar, seng ga lapuk dimakan usia. Yo iku yo jarene Alex Gorsky, CEO Johnson & Johnson, lulusan University of Pennsylvania. Nek jarene mantan Perdana Mentri Australia Malcolm Turnbull, lulusan S1 e Oxford, kene iku kudu selalu bertanya, ojok sampe ndue pemikiran seng kudet.

Pengalaman pengajuan visa Amerika B1/B2 di konjen Surabaya

Bulan lalu, kami mengajukan pembuatan visa di konjen Surabaya agar dapat menghadiri acara convocation mahasiswa baru di Harvard. Aplikasi visa Amerika itu proses aplikasi visa paling superior yang pernah aku lakukan. Ga ribet. Ga perlu booking hotel atau pesawat dulu. Dan gak lama jadinya.

Proses awal

Prosesnya sesederhana ini:

  1. Siapkan foto 5x5 cm background warna putih, ekspresi natural, jangan pakai kacamata, jilbab gapapa tapi cadar tidak diperbolehkan
  2. Buat formulir DS-160 (pastikan pilih konjen Surabaya) untuk masing-masing traveler, upload foto di sistem tersebut dan kalo nggak berhasil, ambil foto baru lagi
  3. Unduh dan kumpulkan semua formulir DS-160 para traveler
  4. Buat aplikasi pengajuan visa di portal US Travel Docs
  5. Tambahkan semua traveler yang sudah dibuat DS-160-nya dengan menginput kode yang tertera di formulir DS-160 di sistem portal US Travel Docs, beserta data-data lainnya yang diperlukan
  6. Dapatkan kode resi pembayaran
  7. Datang cabang CIMB Niaga terdekat untuk membayar aplikasi pengajuan visa, sekitar kurang lebih 2.6 juta rupiah untuk masing-masing traveler
  8. Setelah membayar, tunggu hingga keesokan hari kerja, jam 3 atau 4 sore WIB
  9. Masuk ke portal US Travel Docs, dan masukkan kode resi
  10. Selesai! Cetak dokumen janji-temu (appointment form) dan DS-160 para traveler

Nah, di form appointment sebenernya ada keterangan dokumen-dokumen apa yang perlu dibawa. Biasanya, foto tidak diminta. Tapi cetak aja fotonya yang ukuran 5x5 yang sama persis digunakan untuk pembuatan DS-160, karena toh aku dimintain fotonya.

Bawa juga dokumen-dokumen lain, semisal point of contact information. Karena aku ke US karena acara convocation di Harvard, aku mintain lah invitation letter. Invitation letter-ku kurang lebih seperti ini isinya:

Dokumen-dokumen seperti itu akan memperkuat diloloskannya aplikasi visa kita. Denger-denger nih, status visa itu pada dasarnya ditolak. Kita yang harus meyakinkan mereka kenapa visa kita sebaiknya tidak ditolak.

Wawancara

Pada dasarnya, prosesnya seperti ini:

  1. Pastikan membawa seluruh dokumen utama yang diminta
  2. Bawa dokumen-dokumen pendukung lainnya yang sekiranya diperukan
  3. Bawa foto 5x5cm juga
  4. Pastikan berada di konjen/kedubes kurang lebih 40-menit sebelum wawancara, sehingga bisa ada waktu cukup misal disuruh ini itu (aku disuruh nitipin tas ke Indomaret sebelah, soalnya ga boleh bawa tas ke dalam)
  5. Ambil antrian, lalui proses scan tubuh, dapat nomor antrian, mengantri, wawancara deh (kurang lebih 10-25 menit)!

Sebenarnya ada 2 wawancara. Wawancara pertama dengan staf orang Indonesia. Aku ditanyain kenapa ke US, aku bilanglah ke Harvard, dan aku kasih lihat kertasnya. Uniknya, aku kan travel ke US bareng pasangan, aku di wawancaranya lebih lama, pasanganku yang lebih cepet. Ya, tapi emang datanya dia dependent on my data juga sih.

Wawancara ke-dua sama staf kedubes yang seperti warga Amerika. Kurang lebih wawancaranya seperti ini:

Dia: Hello, how are you?
Aku: Hello, can't complain
Dia: Since when did you study?
Aku: Spring 2022, actually I bring my transcript with me
Dia: Oh very well done, straight As
Aku: Hehe, thank you (well, it's not 4.0)
Dia: Congratulations your visa is approved
Aku: Thank you

Udah, seluruh prosesnya mungkin makan waktu sejam setengah. Tapi bukan berarti kita pulang ngantongin pasport. Soalnya pasportnya kan belum distiker visa. Nunggu 3-4 hari. Tapi yang jelas, kalau pengajuan visa kita diterima, kita akan mendapatkan secarik kertas yang bertuliskan "Selamat! Permohonan visa non imigran anda telah disetujui"

Aku sih nyesel ya kenapa opsi pengambilan paspor di RPX, kenapa ga dikirim ke rumah aja. Jadinya perlu travel. Tapi ya gapapa, soalnya takut juga tar paspor rusak atau hilang atau gimana. Tapi kalau rumahmu jauh dari Surabaya, kayaknya makes sense untuk dianter aja. Soalnya, beneran RPX itu dependable banget. Nothing to worry harusnya.

Yah begitulah.

Terbang ke New York, lanjut ke Boston!

Jadi, aku makai pesawat United Airlines, terbang dari Singapura. Dari Singapura, kita turun ke San Francisco, untuk transit sebentar 2 jam. Harus tergesa-gesa, karena waktunya sangat tipis. Pastikan jangan ada botol yang berisi air, atau apapun yang dilarang. Terutama air, soalnya ternyata, kalau ketahuan, kita disuruh mbuang airnya di luar, dan antri lagi, tidak seperti di Indonesia atau Singapura yang airnya bisa dibuang saat di tempat inspeksi ya. Jadi ini sangat mengulur waktu, kalau kedapatan ada botol yang berisi air.

Setelah itu, perjalanan dari San Francisco menuju New York memakan waktu sekitar 6 jam. Tidak seperti perjalanan internasional, meski menggunakan maskapai yang sama, kita tidak menerima konsumsi di perjalanan domestik ini--cuma air atau jus saja.

Sesampainya di New York (lebih tepatnya Newark), kita harus jeli melihat bis yang kemudian bisa kita gunakan untuk menuju kota New York. Dari New York, kita bisa menuju Boston menggunakan bis ataupun kereta, yang ngetem di Port Authority.

Yang jelas, kayaknya lebih enakan terbang langsung ke Logan Airport di Boston, daripada mondar-mandir dari New York. Tapi ya, ini pengalaman juga sih.

Not gonna compromise on education

I have a humble beginning. Dad was an underpaid university lecturer, and mom was teaching at a high school I attended. True, my grandpa is relatively affluent, but that's it. I grew up in a very modest house, eating quite decent food. By decent, I don't mean red meat. Eating ice cream is a luxurious experience. I constantly dreamed of eating Kentucky fried chicken. Even our rice is of lower quality. You get the idea! We "buffet" on eggs, tofu, and tempeh almost daily.

Pampered with quality education

My mom once told me when I was still a high school boy that she'd rather leave me with books than cash or estates. That remark simply sticks to my core. My parents care about my education beyond their means, at least up to high school. I got a private math tutor as a first-grader. And not just any math tutor! I was educated at a place where affluent, "pampered" Chinese kids would go. The price for such tutoring, I believe, would be skyrocketing, perhaps much more expensive than my normal school's total expenses.

In 1999 Indonesia, although most people (like my family) were so poor, the Chinese were generally richer (not always, but almost always). There are many reasons why that could happen, from Chinese people's drive to excellence up to the fact that "native" Indonesians during colonial times were treated like third-class citizens in their own land for generations, resulting in them having inter-generational economic problems. Anyway, things have changed. But there's that for context. Yet, my parents, with all their limitations, managed to send me to study math in such a luxurious place that I am not less privileged.

But that's not the only instance. I got a private English tutor too. She'd come to my house and we'd start reading a highly technical book together. On the same line, I was given the chance to enroll at IALF, a fancy English school where classes were taught by native speakers from Anglophone countries from Australia to the U.S. (alphabetically), if I may categorize those countries as such. And the price for such a school? Again, probably equivalent to all the money paid for my public education up to that point. One that would be most recognizable in shaping me as who I am is when I was given a computer tutelage at age 8. By age 11, the Indonesian Museum of Records noted me as the country's youngest programmer.

I have seen more fortunate parents around me when I grew up. Yet not many of my friends experienced things I was "privileged" with. And we were poor.

That's about me, but how about my children's education?

Benjamin Franklin once said something to disagree I cannot: an investment in knowledge pays the best interest. My Harvard education is, by extension, no pun intended, the cumulative result of the privileges I have enjoyed and the effort I put in. As a Harvard man, I think it is "normal" to want your children to be Harvardians. I believe a Harvard education is thoroughly life-changing, and I hope my kids experience such a sort of education. Hence, my life is primarily dedicated to ensuring that as many of my kids go on to Harvard.

That being said, I don't like a dictatorial style of parenting where I have absolute say over everything. I would like to give my children all control over their own lives when they turn 7, and that includes choosing their own schools and what they want to be. Simply put, I just don't accept three things: (1) being dumb, (2) being murderous, and (3) being on illegal drugs. Doing any of those three can result in the absolute termination of parenthood; it is as if we'd never known each other. To the extent that, let's say, my children were to bring drugs into Singapore, knowing such is a criminal offense punishable by death, I'd be the first to call the Singaporean police. I believe that those traits of being dumb, murderous, and drug-addicted simply don't belong in a house of educated people. And I don't want other people to be affected by my children. To me, no home is required for those who want to live the way of the streets, and saying good-bye after all would be the best way for us adults to move on. Live and let live.

So it is clear: after my children turn 7, I'll treat them as adults. I want them to go to Harvard for what I believe is their own good, but I completely won't force them.

I wish to donate things to Harvardians

Harvard has changed me for the better, and it is natural for me to want to give back. In fact, I want to give back nearly everything I have so that there'll be future generations of Harvardians working hard for the betterment of the world in which we live. Whether that's finding the cure to cancer, a more equitable law for all, or solving the climate change crisis, I wish my donation would play a part in those big works, albeit small.

The thing is, the moment my children turn 7, not only do I treat them as adults, but I also regard them as young Harvard men or women. I would "donate" my money to them. They'd have monthly stipends; the amount should be large enough that it can cover their educational needs, such as paying for their own school. So yes, they'd decide on their own which junior or higher school to attend. What if the money isn't enough, though? Well, they need to work hard to figure out how. Being a Harvardian, or a problem solver for that matter, doesn't mean that everything is provided on the table. For instance, they can join extra, and if they win a championship, I'd generously gift them. Or yeah, doing anything like working at a McDonald's, interning at a local software engineering shop, or being a golf caddy, and so on and so forth. And thus, my children would be the earliest Harvardians I donated my money to, with the big hope that they'd help solve pressing issues of the time.

In fact, my will favors those Harvard children. I will give back mine to none of my children, if none attended Harvard. In that case, all that I accumulated should belong to my school, or Harvard. But if there's any, even just one, of my children who went to Harvard, then most will be for them, with the remainder going to non-Harvardian children. The will should have a no-contest clause, which means challengers to the ruling will be excluded from being even considered as legal parties.

This post is thusly written way ahead to set up my expectations for my children since the get-go.

Harvardian blogosphere shutdown

It’s sad that blogs.harvard.edu is shutting down. There, I can easily find interesting blogs from people at Harvard. It says in full:

After a successful twenty-year run, we are decommissioning the blogs.harvard.edu platform effective June 30, 2023 in order to pivot to new challenges at the Berkman Klein Center in a time when blogging platforms are ubiquitous and widely available.  

Users of the blogs.harvard.edu platform who are current Harvard community members and who wish to continue blogging under the Harvard.edu domain are asked to migrate their blog(s) to the new HUIT platform, sites.harvard.edu, hosted on CampusPress and managed by Harvard Web Publishing (HWP). Users can request assistance from HUIT and HWP to create a new site and migrate content from blogs.harvard.edu. More information starting this process can be found in HUIT KB article KB0018446

Users of the blogs.harvard.edu platform who are not current Harvard community members and would like to save the contents of their site, should export their content prior to June 30. We recommend migrating to a free WordPress.com site. Helpful information on importing a site on to WordPress.com or more general information on moving and/or exporting your site and its content can be found on WordPress.com’s support pages

In 2003, the Berkman Center for Internet & Society (now the Berkman Klein Center for Internet & Society) began an unusual experiment: we launched a blogging platform. That seems quaint today in the age of ubiquitous access to services that facilitate the sharing of user-generated content. But it was an uncommon achievement at the time. 

Twenty years in, a blogging platform is no longer an experiment. Blogging platforms are ubiquitous on the internet, content hosted and created on the WordPress platform makes up more than 40 percent of all websites, and gaining access to a blogging platform is easier than ever for people and organizations wanting to create an online presence. 

The blogs.harvard.edu platform has undergone various changes in its management and now exists in an environment where users have innumerable ways to put content online, including for free. Blogs.harvard no longer offers a unique opportunity for online engagement. In addition, it is antiquated in its policies for customization and available extensions when compared with contemporary, streamlined platforms. 

We look back on the early days of the platform with a measure of nostalgia, and echo the enthusiasm expressed in 2004 about the role the platform played in the birth of podcasting, or in providing a platform to former students like Ory Okolloh (who went on to found Ushahidi), or—generally—in allowing an extraordinary array of “students, faculty, fellows, staff and alumni of Harvard” to “cut their teeth” by posting, commenting, and engaging with one another. From Creative Commons, to Global Voices, to PRX, the Center has specialized in playing the role of incubator, where new platforms and other technologies can be piloted before they are spun out to operate in the proverbial wild. It is bittersweet to close an era of blogging on blogs.harvard.edu.

For that, please feel free to reach me out at adamnoto.posthaven.com. Adios Harvard Blogs and everyone there. It’s been a great platform to connect with fellow Harvardians and others. Bye bye~!


Bebas

Beri aku pendidikan terbaik saja, cukup untuk mengubah angin lalu menjadi emas. Kuatkan tekad dengan kemauan iklash, sehingga harapan berubah menjadi kenyataan. Dalam 1.000 tahun pun tak masalah. Karena ini impian generasi satu bagi generasi lainnya agar tetap merdeka dan bebas.


Bacow shows Harvard has a soul

Does Harvard have no soul? In his book Excellence Without a Soul, Harvard College’s former dean, Harry Lewis, is convinced that “Harvard today tiptoes away from moral education” (Lewis, page 96). Like anything else, Harvard isn’t perfect. The first time Harvard let female students study in its halls wasn’t because it believed in gender equality but because men were drafted during the Second World War. But we must acknowledge that despite Harvard’s dark past, it keeps moving forward to become a better, more caring institution. We can acknowledge this through the words and example of Lawrence S. Bacow, Harvard’s 29th and current president, who is the son of a Holocaust survivor. He serves as shining proof that Harvard has a soul; that much is reflected in his letters. Naturally, I chose him as the subject for my CEO rhetorical analysis because, as the president of a local coding school, I want to learn from such a successful yet humble president. I believe it’s beneficial to learn President Bacow’s rhetoric at a time when strong yet humane leadership is needed more than ever. From his passive yet vivid voice that unites his readers to his skillful uses of pointer words that illuminate a case by answering the so what? and who cares? questions, this rhetorical analysis analyzes how Bacow’s rhetoric makes him sound relatable and, by extension, helps lend the image of a caring patron to Harvard. Three selected letters for this study are: “Climate Change: Update on Harvard Action,” “Message from President Bacow to Imam Khalil Abdur-Rashid,” and “What I believe.”

His candid and vivid letters seek to unite people without blaming others. There’re a few grammatical errors in his brief letters written in plain, clear English. Blaise Pascal, a mathematician best known for Pascal’s triangle, once concedes when addressing a letter to the Jesuits: “The present letter is a very long one, simply because I had no leisure to make it shorter” (Pascal et al., page 392). Writers know it takes longer time to write less and still convey information effectively. Bacow’s letters are concise at around 600 words on average; he cares what he writes. His sentences are mostly right-branched, meaning a subject precedes a verb. For example, his climate change letter convinces: “Climate change is the most consequential threat facing humanity” (Bacow 2021). Interestingly, all of his letters’ openings are right-branched, specifying who (or what) does what, which indicates an active voice. For comparison, the opening of his letter to Imam Khalil upholds: “The horrific shootings at the mosque in Christchurch shock the conscience” (Bacow 2019). Again, the subject is established early on. This active voice helps build the image of a confident and credible writer. Moreover, he uses a strong verb like “shock” instead of a weaker one, such as is shocking. Yet he also uses passive voice for a rhetorical effect to dramatically highlight the action’s target while keeping his readers united, such as when he points out: “Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. was assassinated” (Bacow 2020), or how shocking “the senseless killing of yet another black person—George Floyd—at the hands of those charged with protecting us” (Bacow 2020). Incidentally, or perhaps not, both individuals are people of color. Those are sensitive issues, yet he focused more on the victim and less on the perpetrator to make himself relatable to all spectrums. Consequently, he unites his readers for a cause by avoiding blaming games that divide them into camps. Notwithstanding, his indirectness is compensated by vivid language that helps us extrapolate the subject.

President Bacow also presents himself as if he and his readers are partners, making him even more relatable. To ensure that he and his readers share some level of understanding about an issue, he furnishes pointing words with an appropriate noun and a sensory adjective. That is, he is hesitant to let words like this or that go unseasoned. For example, in a letter about the Christchurch mass shooting, President Bacow conveyed how “this heinous act is not just an offense against Islam, it is an offense against all people of faith” (Bacow 2019). Though he could have written this is not just an offense against Islam, he specifically describes the act as heinous. No moral being will think a cold-blooded massacre of unsuspecting civilians is all right. He argues that the act is an offense against all people of faith. He felt the pain as if it were his own. A soulless Harvard won’t have a president who bothers to address a case happening in a faraway land that hardly disturbs the experience of the majority at Harvard. This way, again, he presents himself to be relatable and all-embracing. He is like you and me while being president of an elite, privileged, honored university.

Other than making the case clear (the so what? question), the overall surrounding sentences around the furnished pointer words are written in such a way as to let the reader empathize early on by addressing the who cares? question. Looking back again in his “What I believe” letter, he advances a case and makes himself relatable as he affirms: “In the midst of this incomprehensible loss, our nation has once again been shocked by the senseless killing of yet another black person—George Floyd—at the hands of those charged with protecting us” (Bacow 2020). The word senseless is an intense adjective that means wildly foolish. Again, we can see his pointer words are decorated in a format we can expect: an intense adjective followed by a noun. To boot, his vivid remark of “the senseless killing of yet another black person” answers the so what? question by maintaining that an injustice has been done repeatedly. This sentence also answers the who cares? question being the American nation. His rhetoric masterfully answers both the so what? and the who cares?questions, effectively helping his readers to empathize and connect from the get-go.

President Bacow makes his writing even more relatable to the reader by using the rule of three to drive home his argument. The rule of three refers to a trio of words, phrases, or sentences that deliver vividly comparable cases. His use of the rule of three falls into one of two objectives, the first being simply laying out some evidence. In his climate change letter, for example, he elaborates on how “[t]he last several months have laid at our feet undeniable evidence of the world to come—massive fires that consume entire towns, unprecedented flooding that inundates major urban areas, record heat waves and drought (sic) that devastate food supplies and increase water scarcity” (Bacow 2021). His skillful use of the rule drives home as much relevant experience as possible to make his case relatable. Thus, even if the reader doesn’t have a first-hand experience of being choked by haze, Bacow’s rhetorical strategy enables them to feel that the weather has been getting hotter for years. In another example, he invites his readers to understand that America was not at her best as he enumerates: “Cities are erupting. Our nation is deeply divided. Leaders who should be bringing us together seem incapable of doing so” (Bacow 2020). His second use of the rule of three is to construct parallels so that his readers feel that they are in this together. After referring to the shooting as a heinous act, for example, President Bacow pleads: “Whether something like this occurs at a church in South Carolina, a synagogue in Pittsburgh or a mosque in New Zealand, acts of hate and violence touch us all” (Bacow 2019). Notice how he splices three Abrahamic religions into the list to make a parallel. True, there must be readers who don’t subscribe to any of those religions—or any religion at all. Still, since Christianity and Islam are the two largest religions by the number of adherents alone, with Judaism having a significant presence in places like Harvard, most readers should feel directly related to a given issue. If that sounds like an exaggeration, readers should at least understand that the issue cannot be seen in isolation. This skillful use of the rule of three helps his arguments ring as truly and as closely as possible to the reader’s heart.

After he advances a case while making himself relatable to his readers, his concluding paragraph seeks to deliver a shared vision in a forward-looking tone by offering hope. However, when the mood is bleak, the president would extend his empathy instead. Regardless, a shared vision will be shaped. This concluding paragraph should convince both within and outside the Harvard community that Harvard has a soul. In his letter about climate change, for example, he states: “I believe that any problem caused by people can be solved by people too. If that seems overly optimistic, so be it. We are going to need a little optimism to preserve life on Earth as we know and cherish it today” (Bacow 2021). By saying so be it, which is an ironic understatement, a litotes, he assures his readers to be as optimistic as himself. In fact, this statement challenges his readers to be more optimistic than him. The by people highlights the fact that we humans are unique in that we have the agency to be both troublemakers and problem solvers. Also, this is an anaphora, a repeated use of words such as “go big or go home” that can strengthen a message by making it more persuasive. A shared vision with direct references to Harvard is sometimes put literally, such as when he acknowledges that Harvard has a role to play when he maintains: “Those of us privileged to work or study at a place like this bear special responsibilities” (Bacow 2020). Harvard, if soulless, would not compel its community to reflect on their privilege, let alone ask them to use their agency to make a positive impact.

Though many view Harvard as belonging in a stratosphere of its own, that doesn’t mean Harvard should detach itself from the grassroots. Lawrence S. Bacow, who holds a special position as a president of Harvard University, exemplifies this. His message is all-embracing and relatable, written in a language most people understand. We cannot trace any superior, churlish tone in his letters. Indeed, as most people would consider his words and that of Harvard synonymous, his rhetoric ultimately lends Harvard the image of a caring patron. More than just talks and no actions, under his leadership, Harvard initiated the Harvard and the Legacy of Slavery movement. He also led Harvard in defending international students from unjust immigration rulings that sought to deport them during the COVID-19 pandemic. He cares about social issues, from terrorism to climate change. Whatever he did, he has proven that Harvard has a soul. That a person of such a humble origin can earn Harvard’s confidence shows the kind of soul the institution has. Now, to copy President Bacow’s rhetoric: may Harvard stays in truth.

Works Cited

  • Bacow, Lawrence S. “Climate Change: Update on Harvard Action.” Harvard Office of the President, 9 Sept. 2021.
  • Bacow, Lawrence S. “What I Believe.” Harvard Office of the President, 30 May 2020.
  • Bacow, Lawrence S. “Message from President Bacow to Imam Khalil Abdur-Rashid.” Harvard Office of the President, 15 Mar. 2019.
  • Lewis, Harry R. “The Eternal Enigma: Advising.” Excellence Without a Soul: Does Liberal Education Have a Future?, Public Affairs, New York, NY, 2007.
  • Pascal, Blaise, et al. “Letter XVI.” The Provincial Letters of Blaise Pascal: A New Translation with Historical Introduction and Notes. Hurd and Houghton, New York, NY, 1866.